The Jews had Knowledge that the (Muslim) Qiblah would later be changed
Allah stated that:
﴿æóÅöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõæÊõæÇú ÇáúßöÊóÜÈó áóíóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ ãöä ÑøóÈøöåöãú﴾
(Certainly, the people who were given the Scripture (i.e., Jews and the Christians) know well that, that (your turning towards the direction of the Ka`bah at Makkah in prayers) is the truth from their Lord.)
This Ayah means: The Jews, who did not like that you change your Qiblah from Bayt Al-Maqdis, already knew that Allah will command you (O Muhammad) to face the Ka`bah. The Jews read in their Books their Prophets' description of Allah's Messenger and his Ummah, and that Allah has endowed and honored him with the complete and honorable legislation. Yet, the People of the Book deny these facts because of their envy, disbelief and rebellion. This is why Allah threatened them when He said:
﴿æóãóÇ Çááøóåõ ÈöÛóÜÝöáò ÚóãøóÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó﴾
(And Allah is not unaware of what they do.)
﴿æóáóÆöäú ÃóÊóíúÊó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõæÊõæÇú ÇáúßöÊóÜÈó Èößõáøö ÁóÇíóÉò ãøóÇ ÊóÈöÚõæÇú ÞöÈúáóÊóßó æóãó ÃóäÊó ÈöÊóÇÈöÚò ÞöÈúáóÊóåõãú æóãóÇ ÈóÚúÖõåõã ÈöÊóÇÈöÚò ÞöÈúáóÉó ÈóÚúÖò æóáóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊó ÃóåúæóÂÁóåõã ãøöä ÈóÚúÏö ãóÇ ÌóÂÁóßó ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö Åöäøóßó ÅöÐóÇ áøóãöäó ÇáÙøóÜáöãöíäó ﴾
(145. And even if you were to bring to the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) all the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), they would not follow your Qiblah (prayer direction), nor are you going to follow their Qiblah. And they will not follow each other's Qiblah. Verily, if you follow their desires after that which you have received of knowledge (from Allah), then indeed you will be one of the wrongdoers.)